Contemporary advances in polymer applications for sporting goods: fundamentals, properties, and applications

Polymers have transformed sportswear, bringing forth a new age of innovation. Because of these flexible materials, athletes in many disciplines benefit from lighter, more durable gear. Polymers significantly improve sports performance, ranging from carbon-fiber tennis rackets that increase power to cushioning polymers that reduce joint impact in running shoes. This review provides a basic understanding of polymers, classifications, and their potential role in sporting goods. It also explores lightweight design, impact resistance, and even smart sports gear. Further, the fabrication procedures of various polymer matrix composites have been explored for sporting goods applications. However, this work briefly discussed the challenges and limitations associated with polymers in sports goods, including cost considerations, durability, longevity, and regulatory compliance. It provides insight into future developments in this field as well as the multifaceted role of polymers in sports goods.