Biosensing and Biosensors-Terminologies, Technologies, Theories and Ethics

Area of Science:

• Biosensing technologies and methodologies.
• Geographic research applications.
• Human-environment interactions.

Background:

• Geographers are exploring biosensing to capture affects and mobilities.
• Theoretical influences include behavioral geography, more-than-representational theory, and critical neurogeography.
• Existing research has utilized a limited range of available biosensors.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide an overview of biosensors used in geographic research.
• To explore the theoretical origins of geographic engagement with biosensing.
• To discuss potentials, limitations, and ethical implications of biosensor application.

Main Methods:

• Review of biosensing technologies and methodologies.
• Analysis of theoretical debates and roots of geographic engagement.
• Critical reflection on terminology and ethical considerations.

Main Results:

• A variety of biosensors are applied in geographic research, measuring diverse biosignals.
• Geographic interest in biosensing is driven by theoretical needs for capturing affects, mobilities, and biopolitics.
• Eye-trackers are highlighted for their potential in analyzing immediate responses to stimuli.

Conclusions:

• Biosensing offers vibrant and diverse methodologies for various geographical research questions.
• Standardized terminology for biosensing is needed.
• A stronger emphasis on data, procedural, and care ethics in biosensing research is crucial.