[Survival after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with identical and haploidentical donors]

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a therapy that offers the potential to cure hematological malignancies. One limitation is that only 25% of patients will have an identical donor. The use of haploidentical donors allows 95% of patients to have a donor. Experience in Mexico with haploidentical HSCT is limited. In 2018, the Haploidentical Transplantation Program began at the Hospital de Especialidades (Specialties Hospital) from the Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI (21st Century National Medical Center).

To compare the overall survival of patients undergoing HSCT with an identical or haploidentical donor at the Hospital de Especialidades.

A retrospective, observational study was carried out in patients undergoing HSCT at the Hospital de Especialidades, from January 2018 to December 2022. All patients who received HSCT were included. Overall survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier curves. A significance level of p < 0.05 was considered.

109 patients who underwent to allogeneic HSCT were analyzed, 34% of them had a haploidentical donor. There were no differences in overall survival. The haploidentical group presented greater cytomegalovirus reactivation and less chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).

No differences in survival were found in both groups, which is why haploidentical transplantation could be a good treatment option in patients who do not have an identical donor at our institution.