Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Intracellular Hormone Receptors01:08

Intracellular Hormone Receptors

54.8K
Lipid-soluble hormones diffuse across the plasma and nuclear membrane of target cells to bind to their specific intracellular receptors. These receptors act as transcription factors that regulate gene expression and protein synthesis in the target cell
54.8K
Target Cell Response to Hormones01:22

Target Cell Response to Hormones

2.9K
Hormones intricately bind to receptors on the surface or within target cells, initiating a cascade of cellular responses.
Notably, the cellular response can be regulated by altering the number of receptors expressed in the cell. For example, prolonged exposure to elevated hormone levels results in a gradual decline or down-regulation in the number of receptors for that specific hormone on the cell surface. Conversely, in response to low hormone levels, cells may use up-regulation, producing an...
2.9K
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

4.2K
Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
4.2K
Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors01:31

Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors

1.3K
Nuclear receptors, or NRs, are unique transcription factors that regulate gene transcription and affect the cellular pathways involved in reproduction, development, or metabolism. Their ability to be stimulated by small lipophilic ligands and control vital cellular processes makes them ideal drug targets. Nearly 10-15% of currently prescribed drugs target these receptors.
About 48 different soluble family members of nuclear receptors are identified that can be divided into two main classes:
1.3K
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

2.5K
The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
2.5K
The Eukaryotic Promoter Region02:40

The Eukaryotic Promoter Region

16.2K
The eukaryotic promoter region is a segment of DNA located upstream of a gene. It contains an RNA polymerase binding site, a transcription start site, and several cis-regulatory sequences.  The proximal promoter region is located in the vicinity of the gene and has cis-regulatory sequences and the core promoter. The core promoter is the binding site for RNA polymerase and is usually located between -35 and +35 nucleotides from the transcription start site. The distal promoter regions are...
16.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Structural evolution of the MTCH family of mitochondrial insertases.

Science advances·2026
Same author

Molecular Behavior of Human β Defensin Type 3 Embedded in Different Model Lipid Membranes.

Journal of chemical information and modeling·2026
Same author

Membrane Protein Insertion in Mammalian Cells.

Annual review of biochemistry·2026
Same author

Structural evolution of the MTCH family of mitochondrial insertases.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Principles of cotranslational mitochondrial protein import.

Cell·2025
Same author

Monitoring alpha-helical membrane protein insertion into the outer mitochondrial membrane in mammalian cells.

Methods in enzymology·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2025

Prediction and Validation of Gene Regulatory Elements Activated During Retinoic Acid Induced Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation
09:07

Prediction and Validation of Gene Regulatory Elements Activated During Retinoic Acid Induced Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation

Published on: June 21, 2016

8.2K

Hormone response elements for the thyroid receptor-α include specific distal 5'-flanking DNA.

David P Lohry1, Taylor A Stevens1, Tongye Shen1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.

Science Advances
|November 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Conserved DNA sequences interact with thyroid receptor-α (TRα) to regulate gene transcription. These interactions distort DNA structure, challenging current definitions of hormone response elements (HREs).

More Related Videos

Detecting the Ligand-binding Domain Dimerization Activity of Estrogen Receptor Alpha Using the Mammalian Two-Hybrid Assay
09:07

Detecting the Ligand-binding Domain Dimerization Activity of Estrogen Receptor Alpha Using the Mammalian Two-Hybrid Assay

Published on: December 19, 2018

6.3K
An Ex vivo Culture System to Study Thyroid Development
08:33

An Ex vivo Culture System to Study Thyroid Development

Published on: June 6, 2014

11.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2025

Prediction and Validation of Gene Regulatory Elements Activated During Retinoic Acid Induced Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation
09:07

Prediction and Validation of Gene Regulatory Elements Activated During Retinoic Acid Induced Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation

Published on: June 21, 2016

8.2K
Detecting the Ligand-binding Domain Dimerization Activity of Estrogen Receptor Alpha Using the Mammalian Two-Hybrid Assay
09:07

Detecting the Ligand-binding Domain Dimerization Activity of Estrogen Receptor Alpha Using the Mammalian Two-Hybrid Assay

Published on: December 19, 2018

6.3K
An Ex vivo Culture System to Study Thyroid Development
08:33

An Ex vivo Culture System to Study Thyroid Development

Published on: June 6, 2014

11.5K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Gene transcription relies on precise interactions between transcription factors and DNA.
  • The role of distal DNA sequences in regulating transcription factor activity is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interaction between 5'-flanking DNA sequences and the thyroid receptor-α (TRα).
  • To elucidate the mechanism by which these interactions control transcriptional activity.

Main Methods:

  • Simulated modeling and dynamics
  • Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq)
  • Atomic force microscopy (AFM)
  • Reporter gene assays

Main Results:

  • Conserved 5'-flanking sequences directly interact with the intrinsically disordered amino-terminal region of TRα.
  • Specific lysine/arginine-DNA minor groove interactions were identified, leading to DNA structural distortions.
  • Reporter gene assays confirmed the importance of these distal sequences in transcriptional regulation.

Conclusions:

  • Current definitions of DNA hormone response elements (HREs) are inadequate.
  • Future HRE descriptions should include conserved distal DNA sequences.
  • Lysine/arginine-rich motifs in intrinsically disordered regions of nuclear receptors are crucial for transcriptional control.