Low-cost spatially variable polarizers via polarization holography

In this study, we propose a novel, to the best of our knowledge, method for designing low-cost, continuously spatially variable polarizers using polarization holography. We use these devices to generate vector vortex beams and detect scalar vortex beams. Our approach begins with designing polarization holograms that act as polarizers, each with distinct transmission axes recorded at various polar angles on polarization-sensitive materials using a dynamic recording system. This process results in the fabrication of spatially variable polarizers. By adjusting the distribution of these polarization holograms, various types of spatially variable polarizers can be produced. Experimental results confirm the reliability and effectiveness of this method. This work not only advances the understanding of polarization holography but also expands its applications in the manipulation and detection of vortex beams.