JoVE - Journal of Visualized Experiments
JoVE Visualize
Contact Us

Studying the non-coding RNA expression and its role in drug resistance mechanisms of gastric cancer

  • 0Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Pathology, Research and Practice +

|

November 27, 2024

|

November 27, 2024

View abstract on PubMed

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) significantly influence gastric cancer chemotherapy resistance. Understanding these ncRNAs offers potential for novel targeted therapies against drug-resistant stomach cancer.

Area Of Science

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background

  • Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer death globally.
  • Advanced stage diagnosis and limited treatment response contribute to poor prognosis.
  • Chemotherapy resistance is a major cause of treatment failure in gastric cancer.

Purpose Of The Study

  • To investigate the role of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in gastric cancer chemotherapy resistance.
  • To explore the molecular mechanisms by which ncRNAs regulate drug resistance.
  • To assess the potential of ncRNAs as therapeutic targets for overcoming drug resistance.

Main Methods

  • Literature review of studies on ncRNAs and gastric cancer drug resistance.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms involving microRNAs, circular RNAs, and long noncoding RNAs.
  • Examination of ncRNA regulation in chemoresistant gastric cancer phenotypes.

Main Results

  • Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a critical role in the development and persistence of gastric cancer drug resistance.
  • Specific ncRNAs, including microRNAs (e.g., miR-21, miR-27a), circular RNAs (e.g., CircPVT1), and long noncoding RNAs (e.g., HOTAIR), are implicated.
  • ncRNAs regulate genes involved in the chemoresistant phenotype of gastric cancer.

Conclusions

  • ncRNAs are key regulators of chemotherapy resistance in gastric cancer.
  • Targeting ncRNAs presents a promising novel therapeutic strategy for overcoming drug resistance.
  • Further research into ncRNA regulatory mechanisms is needed for developing effective targeted therapeutics.

Keywords:

Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs 02:39

8.5K

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...

Treatment Resistant Cancers 02:56

3.3K

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...

MicroRNAs 01:22

21.2K

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...

Types of RNA 01:23

63.3K

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...

Experimental RNAi 02:15

6.1K

RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...

Translational Regulation 01:29

1

Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...