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Updated: Jun 6, 2025

High Throughput Fluorometric Technique for Assessment of Macrophage Phagocytosis and Actin Polymerization
Published on: November 27, 2014
Macrophages are activated toward phagocytic lymphoma cell clearance by pentose phosphate pathway inhibition
Anna C Beielstein1, Elena Izquierdo2, Stuart Blakemore1
1Department I of Internal Medicine, Centre for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
Abstract:
Macrophages in the B cell lymphoma microenvironment represent a functional node in progression and therapeutic response. We assessed metabolic regulation of macrophages in the context of therapeutic antibody-mediated phagocytosis. Pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) inhibition induces increased phagocytic lymphoma cell clearance by macrophages in vitro, in primary human chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patient co-cultures, and in mouse models. Addition of the PPP inhibitor S3 to antibody therapy achieves significantly prolonged overall survival in an aggressive B cell lymphoma mouse model. PPP inhibition induces metabolic activation and pro-inflammatory polarization of macrophages while it decreases macrophages' support for survival of lymphoma cells empowering anti-lymphoma function. As a mechanism of macrophage repolarization, the link between PPP and immune regulation was identified. PPP inhibition causes decreased glycogen level and subsequent modulation of the immune modulatory uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG)-Stat1-Irg1-itaconate axis. Thus, we hypothesize the PPP as a key regulator and targetable modulator of macrophage activity in lymphoma to improve efficacy of immunotherapies and prolong survival.
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