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Related Concept Videos

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison01:14

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison

In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...
Compartment Models: Two-Compartment Model01:20

Compartment Models: Two-Compartment Model

The two-compartment model divides the body into central and peripheral compartments to account for varying blood perfusion rates among organs and tissues, affecting drug distribution. The central compartment includes blood and highly perfused tissues with rapid drug distribution, while the peripheral compartment contains tissues with slower drug distribution. After a single IV bolus dose, the drug concentration is high in plasma and low in tissues. The drug distribution between compartments...
Factors Affecting Drug Distribution: Organ Perfusion Rate01:15

Factors Affecting Drug Distribution: Organ Perfusion Rate

Drug distribution within the body is a complex process influenced by several factors, including perfusion rate, the rate at which the bloodstream transports drugs to tissue. This limitation becomes particularly significant when dealing with highly lipophilic drugs. In such cases, the rate at which the drug can move across membranes is crucial, and if the membrane is highly permeable to the drug, distribution becomes rate-limited by perfusion.
Perfusion rate-limited distribution relies on the...
Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions01:24

Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions

Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...
Toxidromes: Clinical Features01:30

Toxidromes: Clinical Features

Toxidromes are specific patterns of symptoms resulting from toxic substance exposure. They help in the identification and treatment of poisoning. The symptoms of each toxidrome group indicate poisoning by a certain class of chemicals or drugs.1. Sympathomimetic: Stimulates the sympathetic nervous system. Symptoms include agitation, increased heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), respiratory rate (RR), temperature, and pupil size. Drugs like cocaine and amphetamines, along with tremors and...
Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios01:26

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios

Pharmaceutical poisoning can occur through various channels, impacting an estimated 2 million hospitalized patients in the U.S. annually with serious adverse drug responses. These scenarios encompass both therapeutic uses, such as drug toxicity, where even standard dosages can lead to severe central nervous system depression, and non-therapeutic exposures, including accidental ingestion by children, and environmental and occupational exposures.Unintentional poisonings often involve exploratory...

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Postmortem distribution of MDPHP in a fatal intoxication case.

Emma Beatrice Croce1, Alexandra Dimitrova1, Maria Grazia Di Milia1

  • 1FT-LAB, Department of Health Science, University of Florence, Florence, 50134, Italy.

Journal of Analytical Toxicology
|November 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study investigated the postmortem distribution of 3,4-methylenedioxy-α-pyrrolidinohexanophenone (MDPHP), a synthetic cathinone. High MDPHP concentrations in various specimens suggest it was the probable cause of death.

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Toxicology
  • Pharmacology
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Synthetic cathinones (SCs), like MDPHP, are increasingly implicated in intoxications.
  • Limited pharmacokinetic data exists for MDPHP, especially its postmortem distribution.
  • MDPHP is structurally related to MDPV, another potent SC.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the postmortem distribution of MDPHP in multiple biological specimens.
  • To quantify MDPHP levels in central and peripheral blood, vitreous humor, gastric content, urine, and hair.
  • To assess the relevance of postmortem redistribution for MDPHP.

Main Methods:

  • Case study of a 30-year-old male with suspected SC intoxication.
  • Autopsy with collection of various biological samples (blood, vitreous humor, gastric content, urine, hair).
  • Multi-analytical approach including GC-MS and LC-MS-MS for drug quantification.

Main Results:

  • MDPHP was detected in all analyzed specimens, with particularly high concentrations in urine and gastric content.
  • Hair analysis revealed MDPHP, α-PHP, cocaine, and benzoylecgonine.
  • Central and peripheral blood MDPHP levels were similar, indicating minimal postmortem redistribution.

Conclusions:

  • The high MDPHP concentrations found suggest a lethal dose consumption.
  • MDPHP was likely the primary cause of death in this case.
  • The study contributes valuable data on MDPHP postmortem distribution and toxicology.