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Orthoptic findings in trigonocephaly patients after completed visual development.

Sumin Yang1, Linda Gaillard2, Bianca K den Ottelander2

  • 1Department of Plastic Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Room EE-1589, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. s.yang@erasmusmc.nl.

Child'S Nervous System : Chns : Official Journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery
|November 28, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Children with trigonocephaly face a significantly higher risk of developing vision problems like hyperopia, astigmatism, amblyopia, and strabismus. Early screening and regular monitoring by eye care professionals are recommended for these patients.

Keywords:
AmblyopiaCraniosynostosisRefractive disorderStrabismus

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pediatrics
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Trigonocephaly, a skull deformity, is known to be associated with poor visual outcomes in early childhood.
  • The persistence of orthoptic abnormalities beyond childhood visual development in trigonocephaly patients has not been well-established.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of orthoptic abnormalities in individuals with trigonocephaly after their visual development is complete.
  • To compare the incidence of these abnormalities in trigonocephaly patients with healthy control populations.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective analysis of ophthalmologic records was conducted for non-syndromic trigonocephaly patients aged 8 years and older.
  • Data on refractive errors (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism) and history of strabismus and amblyopia were collected and analyzed.
  • Prevalence rates were compared against age-matched healthy populations from existing literature.

Main Results:

  • The study included 78 trigonocephaly patients (median age 10 years).
  • Refractive errors were present in 43.6% of patients. Significantly higher rates of hyperopia (35.9% vs 8.4%), astigmatism (20.5% vs 11.9%), strabismus (14.1% vs 2.65%), and amblyopia (6.4% vs 3.4%) were observed in trigonocephaly patients compared to controls.
  • Myopia rates were similar between groups (6.4% vs 11.4%).

Conclusions:

  • Trigonocephaly patients exhibit a two-to-threefold increased risk for hyperopia, astigmatism, amblyopia, and strabismus compared to the general population.
  • Routine screening and consistent follow-up care with pediatric ophthalmologists and orthoptists are crucial for managing visual health in these individuals.
  • Long-term surveillance is recommended to monitor visual functioning throughout their lives.