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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
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Urbanization and Infectious Disease.

Achsah F Dorsey1

  • 1Department of Anthropology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA.

American Journal of Human Biology : the Official Journal of the Human Biology Council
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PubMed
Summary

Urbanization is rapidly increasing, especially in the Global South, creating new health challenges. Peri-urban areas are often overlooked but crucial for understanding infectious disease risk through a biocultural and political ecology lens.

Keywords:
Perudisease patternsinfectious diseaseperi‐urban communitiesurbanicity

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Area of Science:

  • Human biology
  • Urbanization studies
  • Infectious disease epidemiology

Background:

  • Over half the global population now lives in cities, a trend accelerating in the Global South.
  • Increased urban population density exacerbates risks from emerging diseases, noncommunicable diseases, and economic disparities.
  • Peri-urban communities, settlements on urban fringes, are often overlooked despite their growing prevalence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the complex political ecological factors influencing infectious disease risk in peri-urban communities.
  • To advocate for a biocultural and political ecology perspective in human biology research on urbanization and health.
  • To challenge the categorization of peri-urban areas as merely transitional spaces.

Main Methods:

  • Case study analysis of unplanned peri-urban communities near Lima, Peru.
  • Investigation of disease mechanisms within these communities.
  • Application of political ecology and biocultural approaches.

Main Results:

  • Peri-urban areas present unique challenges to human health and well-being due to political ecological factors.
  • Infectious disease risk and rates are significantly impacted by the specific conditions in these communities.
  • A biocultural approach is essential for understanding disease heterogeneity in urbanizing populations.

Conclusions:

  • Peri-urban communities require focused attention from human biologists and anthropologists.
  • Understanding infectious disease in urbanizing environments necessitates a move beyond transitional categorizations.
  • Human biologists and anthropologists are well-positioned to study diverse infectious disease patterns in a globalized, urbanizing world.