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Free water elimination tractometry for aging brains.

Kelly Chang1, Luke Burke2, Nina LaPiana3

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Washington.

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Free water elimination improves the accuracy and reliability of brain white matter tractometry in older adults. This method enhances analysis of brain connections, even with limited data, aiding aging brain research.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) tractometry assesses brain connections but faces reliability challenges in aging brains due to increased white matter free water.
  • Existing tractometry methods may be less accurate in older adults because they do not account for free water content.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of computational free water elimination (FWE) on the reliability and accuracy of dMRI tractometry in an aging population.
  • To demonstrate that FWE improves tractometry analysis across various pipeline stages and generalizes to different data types.

Main Methods:

  • Applied computational free water elimination (FWE) to dMRI data from a cohort of 339 older adults (aged 66-103).
  • Assessed improvements in reliability using split-half comparisons at multiple tractometry stages: fiber orientation distribution function estimation, pathway delineation, and tissue property assessment.
  • Validated FWE's impact on predictive accuracy by assessing cross-validated predictions of clinician-rated Fazekas scores.
  • Tested generalizability using sub-sampled multi-b-value datasets to simulate single-b-value data.

Main Results:

  • FWE significantly enhanced tractometry reliability by up to ~37% across all analyzed stages in the aging cohort.
  • FWE improved the accuracy of tractometry, leading to more precise cross-validated predictions of Fazekas scores.
  • The benefits of FWE were demonstrated to be applicable to both multi-b-value and single-b-value dMRI datasets.

Conclusions:

  • Accounting for free water is crucial for reliable and accurate dMRI tractometry, particularly in aging brains.
  • FWE offers substantial improvements in analyzing white matter integrity in older adults, enhancing clinical and research applications.
  • Open-source software for FWE is provided to facilitate its adoption in diverse neuroimaging studies.