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Related Concept Videos

Residual Stresses in Bending01:18

Residual Stresses in Bending

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In the study of elastoplastic members subjected to bending moments, understanding the loading and unloading phases is crucial for assessing material behavior and structural integrity. During the loading phase, as the bending moment increases, the material initially responds elastically, adhering to Hooke's Law, where stress is directly proportional to strain. When the load exceeds the yield strength, plastic deformation occurs, resulting in permanent strain and deformation that remains even...
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Residual Stresses01:26

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Residual stresses reside in a structure even after removing the original stress inducer. This phenomenon often arises from varied plastic deformations across different parts of a structure. Consider a rod stretched beyond its yield point. It will not regain its original length due to permanent deformation. Even after load removal, the rod does not entirely lose stress because of uneven plastic deformations, resulting in residual stresses. The computation of these stresses in structures is...
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Plastic Behavior01:21

Plastic Behavior

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A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and...
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Plastic Deformations01:14

Plastic Deformations

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It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...
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Stress-Strain Diagram - Ductile Materials01:24

Stress-Strain Diagram - Ductile Materials

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The stress-strain relationship in ductile materials such as structural steel or aluminium is intricate and progresses through several stages. When a specimen is loaded, it initially exhibits a linear length increase, depicted by a steep straight line on the stress-strain diagram. It indicates the material is elastically deforming and will return to its original shape once unloaded. However, when a critical stress value is reached, plastic deformation begins. This stage sees substantial...
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Residual Stresses in Circular Shafts01:10

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In materials that exhibit elastic and plastic behavior, known as elastoplastic materials, residual stresses can accumulate when these materials experience plastic deformation. This deformation arises from either high levels of shearing stress or significant strains. Residual stresses are internal stresses that persist within a material after removing the external force causing deformation. This phenomenon is demonstrated when observing the behavior of a shaft under torque; notably, the...
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Residual Strain Development in Rapid Frontally Curing Polymers.

Zhuoting Chen1, Behrad Koohbor2, Xiang Zhang1

  • 1Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States.

ACS Applied Engineering Materials
|November 28, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Frontal polymerization (FP) rapidly cures thermosets using exothermic reactions. This study models material evolution and residual deformation, suggesting preheating to mitigate strain in FP manufacturing.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Materials Engineering
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Frontal polymerization (FP) offers rapid, energy-efficient fabrication of thermosets and composites.
  • Commercial applications require better prediction of material evolution and residual deformation during FP.
  • Understanding cure-dependent properties is crucial for designing FP processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally characterize and numerically model material evolution during frontal polymerization.
  • To capture and predict residual strains resulting from the FP process.
  • To identify strategies for mitigating residual deformations in FP manufacturing.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental measurement of temperature and cure-dependent properties (elastic moduli, Poisson's ratio, CTE, chemical shrinkage) of dicyclopentadiene.
  • Development of a coupled thermo-chemo-mechanical model based on experimental data.
  • Numerical simulation to capture strain evolution and residual strains.

Main Results:

  • Material properties (elastic moduli, Poisson's ratio, CTE, chemical shrinkage) are highly dependent on the degree of cure.
  • A coupled model accurately captures experimentally measured residual strains.
  • Chemical shrinkage, linked to curing rate, causes strain localization, particularly where reaction fronts merge.
  • Preheating the monomer/gel in merging front areas effectively reduces residual deformations.

Conclusions:

  • The developed thermo-chemo-mechanical model accurately predicts residual strains in frontal polymerization.
  • Chemical shrinkage is a primary driver of localized residual strains.
  • Preheating merging front areas is a viable strategy to minimize residual deformations in FP applications.