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Healthy Dietary Patterns and Lower Atherosclerosis in High-Risk Individuals

Laurel Cherian, Puja Agarwal, Sonal Agrawal

    Medrxiv : the Preprint Server for Health Sciences
    |November 28, 2024
    PubMed

    Insights

    A healthy diet is linked to reduced intracranial atherosclerosis (ICAD) risk in older adults with hypertension or myocardial infarction history. Specific dietary patterns, like the MIND and Mediterranean diets, showed protective effects, especially in those with prior heart attacks.

    Area of Science:

    • Neuropathology
    • Nutritional Epidemiology
    • Vascular Medicine

    Background:

    • Investigates the link between dietary patterns and intracranial atherosclerosis (ICAD) risk.
    • Focuses on individuals with pre-existing hypertension (HTN) or myocardial infarction (MI).

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine associations between diet and ICAD in a high-risk population.
    • To explore how diet's impact on ICAD is modified by history of HTN or MI.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized data from 676 autopsied participants in a longitudinal neuropathological cohort study.
    • Assessed ICAD severity using a 4-level grading system based on plaque presence, extent, and occlusion.
    • Dietary patterns (MIND, MedDiet) were scored, and regression models adjusted for confounders.

    Main Results:

    • Hypertension was positively associated with ICAD.
    • Dietary associations with ICAD differed based on MI history.
    • Among individuals with prior MI, better adherence to MIND and Mediterranean diets correlated with lower ICAD odds.

    Conclusions:

    • Healthy dietary patterns are associated with reduced severe intracranial large vessel atherosclerosis in older adults with high vascular risk.
    • Further in-vivo research is needed on dietary habits and brain health in this population.
    Abstract

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