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Related Experiment Videos

Quinolones in vitro.

F T Willems

    Pharmaceutisch Weekblad. Scientific Edition
    |February 21, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    The first quinolones showed limited effectiveness and rapid resistance. Newer fluorinated quinolones offer broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity with no observed resistance in a key study.

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    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Pharmacology
    • Infectious Diseases

    Background:

    • Nalidixic acid, the first quinolone, had limited Gram-negative activity and developed rapid resistance.
    • Resistance to nalidixic acid was not plasmid-mediated, a characteristic shared by all quinolones.
    • Older quinolones like oxolinic acid showed improved Gram-negative activity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the spectrum of activity and resistance patterns of newer quinolone antibiotics.
    • To compare the efficacy of fluorinated quinolones against nalidixic acid.
    • To investigate the in vitro activity of fluorinated quinolones in uncomplicated urinary tract infections.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of in vitro antimicrobial activity data for nalidixic acid and newer quinolones.

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  • Analysis of resistance mechanisms, distinguishing plasmid-mediated vs. non-plasmid-mediated resistance.
  • In vitro susceptibility testing of fluorinated quinolones against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.
  • Investigation of fluorinated quinolone activity in a general practice study (PINISU) of urinary tract infections.

    • Main Results:

    • Nalidixic acid exhibited limited activity against Gram-negative organisms and developed rapid resistance.
    • Newer quinolones (oxolinic acid, piromidic acid, cinoxacin, pipemidic acid) showed extended Gram-negative spectrum and lower MIC values.
    • Fluorinated quinolones (ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, etc.) demonstrated broad-spectrum activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, with MICs 70-400 times lower than nalidixic acid.
    • The PINISU study found no resistance to fluorinated quinolones in uncomplicated urinary tract infections.

    Conclusions:

    • Fluorinated quinolones represent a significant advancement over nalidixic acid, offering broader spectrum and lower MICs.
    • The absence of observed resistance in the PINISU study suggests high efficacy for fluorinated quinolones in treating uncomplicated UTIs.
    • Fluorinated quinolones are highly promising antimicrobial agents for specific indications, warranting further clinical investigation.