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Evaluation of a Multi-Instant Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System Supporting Interpretive and Noninterpretive

Serena Pacilè1, Pauline Germaine2, Caroline Sclafert1

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|November 28, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Artificial intelligence (AI) significantly improved radiologists' breast cancer detection accuracy and efficiency. The AI system enhanced cancer identification by 8% and reduced reading time by 24%, aiding diagnostic performance.

Keywords:
artificial intelligencebreast densitybreast imaging quality and outcomesmammography including tomosynthesis

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology and Medical Imaging
  • Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
  • Breast Cancer Screening

Background:

  • Artificial intelligence (AI) shows potential in enhancing breast cancer screening accuracy and efficiency.
  • Evaluating AI's impact on radiologist performance in mammogram interpretation is crucial for clinical integration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the effect of a multimodal, multi-instant AI system on radiologists' diagnostic performance in mammography.
  • To compare diagnostic accuracy and efficiency between unaided and AI-assisted mammogram readings.

Main Methods:

  • A multireader, multicase study design evaluated both interpretive and noninterpretive tasks.
  • Dataset comprised 90 cancer-proven and 150 negative mammogram cases.
  • Key metrics included accuracy, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Fleiss's kappa, reading time, and perceived fatigue.

Main Results:

  • AI assistance improved the area under the ROC curve by 7.4% (P < .001).
  • Radiologists detected 8% more cancers with AI assistance.
  • AI improved ICC from 0.6 to 0.74 (P < .001), reduced reading time by 24%, and decreased perceived fatigue.

Conclusions:

  • The multimodal AI system enhanced radiologists' diagnostic proficiency in breast cancer identification.
  • AI integration reduced time for both interpretive and noninterpretive tasks.
  • The AI system effectively handles multiple image types, prior mammograms, and outputs, improving overall screening efficiency.