Embracing strengths and avoiding weaknesses: a meta-analysis of the mnemic neglect effect

The mnemic neglect effect describes a memory phenomenon in which individuals selectively forget negative information that threatens their core self-beliefs. While most studies support this phenomenon, some have shown that individuals do not always neglect self-relevant negative information and may even focus on it more. This study aims to validate the stability of mnemic neglect and explore the factors contributing to its variability under different conditions. This meta-analysis includes 18 studies with 93 independent samples (N = 4,989). The findings reveal: (1) The overall effect size of mnemic neglect is robust, g = 0.365, with a 95% CI [0.253, 0.476], Z = 6.416, p < 0.001; (2) there is a significant difference between recall performance for central and peripheral information, with individuals exhibiting better recall for self-relevant central information; (3) individuals recall fewer self-relevant central negative information compared to other-relevant central negative information; and (4) subgroup analysis indicates significant moderation of the mnemic neglect effect by anxiety levels and two fundamental dimensions of social cognition. This study provides empirical support for the robustness of mnemic neglect and further explores its underlying motivational mechanisms and influencing factors.