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Related Concept Videos

Southern Blot02:57

Southern Blot

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Agarose gel electrophoresis is very useful in separating DNA fragments by size. Running a DNA ladder containing fragments of the known length alongside the sample helps determine the approximate length of the sample DNA fragments. However, additional steps are needed to verify the sequence identity of the sample DNA fragments.
Denatured DNA fragments must be transferred onto a carrier membrane from the gel to make it accessible to a probe - a small ssDNA fragment complementary to the target DNA...
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Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, is the genetic material responsible for passing traits from generation to generation in all organisms and most viruses. DNA is composed of two strands of nucleotides that wind around each other to form a spring-like structure called a double helix. However, the double helix is not perfectly symmetrical. Instead, there are regularly occurring grooves in the structure. The major groove occurs where the sugar-phosphate backbones are relatively far apart. This space...
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DNA probes are fragments of DNA labeled with a reporter tag to enable their detection or purification. The resulting labeled DNA probes can then hybridize to target nucleic acid sequences through complementary base-pairing, and may be used to recover or identify these regions.
Radioisotopes, fluorophores, or small molecule binding partners like biotin or digoxigenin, are the most widely used reporter tags for labeling DNA probes. These labels can be attached to the probe DNA molecule via...
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Two structural features of the DNA molecule provide a basis for the mechanisms of heredity: the four nucleotide bases and its double-stranded nature. The Watson-Crick model of double-helical DNA structure, proposed in 1952, drew heavily upon the X-ray crystallography work of researchers Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins jointly received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in 1962. Franklin was, controversially, excluded from the prize for...
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DNA Microarrays

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Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...
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Nucleic Acids

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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
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Updated: Jun 6, 2025

Stable DNA Motifs, 1D and 2D Nanostructures Constructed from Small Circular DNA Molecules
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DNA and deli sandwiches.

Luis A Campos1

  • 1The author is the Baker College Chair for the History of Science, Technology, and Innovation in the Department of History, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 28, 2024
PubMed
Summary

A historian examines the origins of biotechnology, coinciding with a significant patent anniversary. This exploration reveals key historical milestones in the field's development.

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology history
  • Scientific innovation
  • Intellectual property in science

Background:

  • The anniversary of a pivotal biotechnology patent prompts a historical review.
  • Understanding the foundational moments of biotechnology is crucial for contemporary scientific progress.

Discussion:

  • Examining the "origin story" of biotechnology through historical records.
  • Analyzing the impact of key patents on the trajectory of scientific fields.
  • Connecting historical developments to the current state of the biotechnology industry.

Key Insights:

  • Biotechnology's roots are intertwined with specific historical events and intellectual property.
  • The evolution of biotechnology is marked by significant patentable inventions.
  • Historical context is essential for appreciating modern biotechnological advancements.

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Outlook:

  • Further research into the socio-economic impact of early biotechnology patents.
  • Exploring the ethical considerations that arose during biotechnology's formative years.
  • Forecasting future trends in biotechnology based on its historical trajectory.