Editorial: Steps Toward Precision Medicine: The Lessons From Study on Impact of Neighborhood Resources on Youth...

Childhood and adolescent development affect how adults react to various situations. In the history of science, such belief and understanding have evolved. For example, Berry and Brown connect the independent works of Darwin and Mendel, the theory of "who" and "how" one survives through natural selection theory, respectively.¹ And although the influence on each other is unknown, there have been attempts to connect the works of Pavlov and Freud on classical conditioning and the importance of early childhood in psychoanalysis.² Fast forward to contemporary mental health research, the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study and other related studies provide strong evidence on how negative childhood experiences explain adult experiences and pathologies.³ Although the ACE hypothesis links individual-level traumatic or negative experiences to adult mental health, the study "Associations Between Neighborhood Resources and Youths' Response to Reward Omission in a Task Modeling Negatively Biased Environments" by Brown et al. sheds light on the impacts of neighborhood level experiences on child development.⁴ The efforts such as neighborhood study further our understanding of how precision medicine, a concept that is not new but has been rapidly emerging in the last 2 decades, can bring a paradigm shift in mental health.⁵.