Use of fixed targets for serial crystallography.

Area of Science:

• Structural Biology
• Crystallography
• Biophysics

Background:

• Serial crystallography delivers microcrystals sequentially to an X-ray beam for diffraction pattern collection.
• This technique, initially for X-ray Free Electron Lasers (XFELs), is now used at synchrotrons.
• It enables time-resolved experiments from femtoseconds to seconds, yielding radiation-damage-free structures.

Purpose of the Study:

• To describe the application of fixed targets for serial crystallography.
• To discuss methodologies for time-resolved serial crystallography using fixed targets.
• To outline best practices for sample preparation, data collection, and analysis.

Main Methods:

• Microcrystals are loaded onto a solid support (fixed target) and rastered through the X-ray beam.
• Fixed targets allow precise control for time-resolved and multi-shot experiments.
• Implementation at Diamond Light Source (I24) and SACLA XFEL is detailed.

Main Results:

• Fixed targets maximize crystal usage for data collection.
• Precise timing control facilitates wide-ranging time-resolved studies.
• High-quality structures can be obtained, free from radiation damage.

Conclusions:

• Fixed targets are an effective sample delivery method for serial crystallography.
• This approach enhances time-resolved capabilities and structural integrity.
• Best practices are crucial for successful implementation and data analysis.