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Twin embryo formation by induced parthenogenesis.

Hannah Peha1, Hui Ren1, Debra Skinner1

  • 1Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.

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Synthetic apomixis, induced by transcription factors, causes high-frequency twin formation in plants. Two models explain this polyembryony, crucial for understanding plant reproduction and crop development.

Keywords:
ApomixisDizygoticMonozygoticPolyembryonyZygote

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Area of Science:

  • Plant reproductive biology
  • Developmental genetics

Background:

  • Parthenogenesis induction via embryogenic transcription factors leads to high-frequency twin formation.
  • Synthetic apomixis, achieved through ectopic expression of Baby Boom transcription factors, results in polyembryony, including twin progeny.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the underlying mechanisms of twin formation in flowering plants during synthetic apomixis.
  • To propose and evaluate models for the occurrence of dizygotic and monozygotic twins.

Main Methods:

  • Describing the phenomenon of polyembryony associated with synthetic apomixis.
  • Discussing potential mechanisms for twin formation in flowering plants.
  • Proposing two models for twin occurrence and evaluating evidence.

Main Results:

  • Two distinct models are proposed to explain twin and triplet formation.
  • These models can operate independently or in combination.
  • Both models are necessary to account for observed polyembryony.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed models are essential for explaining observed twin and triplet formation.
  • Findings offer directions for basic research in plant reproduction.
  • Models suggest strategies to reduce undesirable twinning in crop plants like maize.