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New weapons explosive exhibits persistent toxicity in plants.

Nicola C Oates1, Edward R Nay1, Timothy J Cary2

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Plant Biology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Explosives like 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) are persistent environmental pollutants.
  • 2,4-Dinitroanisole (DNAN) is increasingly used in munitions as a TNT replacement.
  • The environmental fate and plant toxicity of DNAN require thorough investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the detoxification of 2,4-Dinitroanisole (DNAN) in the model plant Arabidopsis.
  • To understand the mechanisms of DNAN-induced phytotoxicity.
  • To assess the potential for DNAN to enter the wider food chain.

Main Methods:

  • Arabidopsis thaliana were exposed to DNAN.
  • DNAN levels and detoxification pathways were analyzed.
  • Monodehydroascorbate reductase 6 (MDHAR6) activity was assessed in relation to DNAN toxicity.

Main Results:

  • Arabidopsis demonstrated limited capacity to detoxify DNAN.
  • DNAN was identified as a substrate for monodehydroascorbate reductase 6 (MDHAR6), leading to chronic phytotoxicity.
  • DNAN was readily translocated to the aerial tissues of the plants.

Conclusions:

  • DNAN exhibits significant phytotoxicity in Arabidopsis due to inefficient detoxification.
  • The accumulation of DNAN in aerial tissues presents a risk of secondary poisoning to herbivores.
  • The environmental persistence and transport of DNAN raise concerns for ecosystem health and food chain contamination.