Advancements in Biological Conversion of C1 Feedstocks: Sustainable Bioproduction and Environmental Solutions

The use of one-carbon (C1) feedstocks, including carbon dioxide (CO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), formate (HCO₂H), methanol (CH₃OH), and methane (CH₄), presents a significant opportunity for sustainable bioproduction and environmental conservation. This Perspective explores the development of biological methods for converting C1 feedstocks into valuable products, emphasizing major progress from engineering native C1 assimilation pathways to the creation of synthetic autotrophs and methylotrophs that utilize these carbon sources. Additionally, we discuss hybrid approaches that merge biological and electrochemical systems, particularly for the conversion of CO₂. This Perspective underscores the importance of C1 bioconversion in promoting sustainable biotechnological strategies for a low-carbon future.