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Related Concept Videos

Hallucinogens and Psychedelics01:27

Hallucinogens and Psychedelics

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Hallucinogens are psychoactive substances that profoundly alter perceptual experiences, generating unreal visual and sensory images. Often referred to as psychedelic drugs — a term derived from the Greek words "psyche" (mind) and "delos" (revealing) — these substances include marijuana and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), among others. These drugs vary in intensity and effects.
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Hallucinogens, also known as psychedelic drugs, are a class of substances known for their ability to alter perception, cognition, and emotions. Despite their profound effects on the mind, these drugs are non-addictive, setting them apart from many other abused substances. The mechanism of action of these drugs lies in their impact on the 5-HT2A receptor in the brain. Upon activation, this receptor couples to Gq-type G proteins, triggering a cascade that releases intracellular calcium. This...
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Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
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Altered States of Awareness01:06

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Altered states of consciousness represent significant deviations from one's normal mental state. These deviations can range from subtle changes in awareness to profound transformations in perception, thought processes, and sensory experiences. Altered states of consciousness can be triggered by various factors, including drug use, meditation, hypnosis, illness, or even intense fatigue.
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Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

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Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder, has been historically misunderstood. Early psychological theories attributed its origins to childhood trauma and unresponsive parenting. However, contemporary research largely rejects these notions, favoring the vulnerability-stress hypothesis. This model proposes that individuals with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may develop the disorder following exposure to significant environmental stressors. Notably, studies on high-risk...
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Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2025

Brain Morphology of Cannabis Users With or Without Psychosis: A Pilot MRI Study
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Psychedelic risks and benefits: A cross-sectional survey study.

Sean P Goldy1, Benjamin A Du1, Julia S Rohde1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Psychedelic and Consciousness Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Journal of Psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)
|November 29, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Classic psychedelic experiences show greater acute challenges and lasting negative effects than cannabis, but also more significant positive outcomes. Individual and experience factors predict these effects, offering a nuanced risk-benefit profile.

Keywords:
Psychedelicscannabisrisks

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Area of Science:

  • Psychopharmacology
  • Neuroscience
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Rising interest in therapeutic potential of classic psychedelics necessitates risk-benefit assessment.
  • Previous research often used biased sampling and did not compare psychedelics to other substances.
  • This study addresses limitations by using representative sampling and comparative analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the risk-benefit profiles of psychedelic and cannabis experiences.
  • To identify predictors of acute and persisting effects from psychedelic use.
  • To provide a nuanced understanding of psychedelic experiences.

Main Methods:

  • Two studies were conducted with a total of 1257 participants (743 between-subjects, 514 within-subjects).
  • Participants were recruited via an opt-in panel service using quota-based sampling to mirror US Census demographics.
  • Self-reported risks and benefits of prior psychedelic and cannabis experiences were collected.

Main Results:

  • Psychedelic experiences were linked to more acute challenging and persisting negative effects compared to cannabis.
  • However, psychedelic experiences also yielded greater acute positive and persisting effects.
  • Dose, social context, religiosity, and personality traits were minor predictors of psychedelic effects.

Conclusions:

  • Psychedelic experiences present a complex profile of both risks and benefits.
  • Understanding these nuanced risk-benefit dynamics is crucial for therapeutic applications.
  • Further research can explore predictors to optimize psychedelic-assisted therapies.