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Mpox Outbreak in Previously Non-Endemic Countries: A Review on Impact on Asia

Madushani Wickramasinghe1, Manjula Weerasekera2, Nilanka Perera3

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Kuliyapitiya, Sri Lanka.

Clinical Pathology (Thousand Oaks, Ventura County, Calif.)
|November 29, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Mpox, a viral zoonosis similar to smallpox, has spread globally due to travel and trade. Asia faces significant challenges in managing mpox outbreaks due to socio-economic factors and increased travel.

Area of Science:

  • * Virology and Zoonotic Diseases
  • * Public Health and Epidemiology
  • * Global Health Security

Background:

  • * Mpox (human mpox) is an opportunistic viral zoonosis resembling smallpox, caused by a virus with two distinct clades (I and II).
  • * Originally endemic to African forests, mpox has spread globally, facilitated by air travel and the exotic pet trade.
  • * Declining smallpox immunity has elevated mpox's significance within the Orthopoxvirus genus, leading to a 2022 global health emergency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To analyze the role of Asia in hosting and spreading mpox.
  • * To highlight the challenges mpox poses to Asian healthcare systems.
  • * To recommend strategies for addressing the mpox threat in the region.

Main Methods:

  • * Review of global mpox epidemiology and transmission dynamics.
  • * Analysis of socio-economic factors contributing to mpox spread in Asia.
  • * Assessment of healthcare system challenges in the context of mpox.

Main Results:

  • * Asia is a key region for mpox hosting and transmission due to population density, wildlife trade, and air travel.
  • * The increasing mpox cases in Asia present a substantial challenge to healthcare systems, exacerbated by economic crises.
  • * Sporadic mpox cases have occurred globally, with the 2022 outbreak being the largest outside Africa.

Conclusions:

  • * Strengthening diagnostic capabilities and infrastructure is crucial for managing mpox in Asia.
  • * Sustainable resource utilization to target high-risk populations is essential for regional mpox control.
  • * Addressing the mpox threat requires a multi-faceted approach focusing on public health preparedness and response.
Keywords:
Mpox in AsiaOrthopoxvirusPoxviridaeZoonosishuman Mpox

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