Candida Epiglottitis in a Patient Undergoing Chemotherapy for Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Case Report

Epiglottitis is a critical infection that can result in upper airway obstruction. While bacterial infections are the most common cause of acute epiglottitis, Candida epiglottitis remains relatively rare. We report a case involving an 82-year-old male undergoing chemotherapy for small cell lung cancer. The patient had a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which was managed with long-term inhaled corticosteroids. On the 10th day after receiving amrubicin and pegfilgrastim, he developed fever and a sore throat, presenting to the clinic the following day. Clinical examination revealed white patches on the palate, a muffled voice, and inspiratory wheezing. Laboratory tests indicated severe neutropenia. Laryngoscopy confirmed epiglottic swelling with white pseudomembranes, leading to a diagnosis of Candida epiglottitis. The patient was hospitalized and treated with intravenous micafungin and meropenem, along with amphotericin B gargles. Symptoms improved rapidly, with the resolution of fever and sore throat by the next day. Antifungal therapy was completed within 11 days of hospitalization. This case underscores the importance of considering Candida epiglottitis in immunocompromised patients presenting with a sore throat, as prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent potentially fatal complications.