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Pharyngeal airway dimensions and hyoid bone position in children with class II malocclusion and sleep problems: A

Shreya S1, Vabitha Shetty1, Kavitha Ragu2

  • 1Nitte (Deemed to be University), AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences (ABSMIDS), Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, Karnataka, India.

Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research
|November 29, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Children with class II malocclusion and sleep problems have narrower pharyngeal airways and lower hyoid bone positions. These findings suggest airway and hyoid measurements may help screen for sleep-disordered breathing in children.

Area of Science:

  • Orthodontics
  • Pediatric Sleep Medicine
  • Craniofacial Anatomy

Background:

  • Class II malocclusion is common in children.
  • Sleep problems in children can have various underlying causes.
  • Pharyngeal airway dimensions and hyoid bone position are critical for normal respiration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between pharyngeal airway width and hyoid bone position in children with Class II malocclusion.
  • To compare these parameters in children with and without a history of sleep problems.
  • To identify potential indicators for sleep-disordered breathing in this population.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 60 children (aged 8-12 years) with skeletal Class II malocclusion was studied.
  • Participants were divided into two groups: 30 with sleep disorders and 30 without (control).
  • Pharyngeal airway dimensions and hyoid bone position were assessed using clinical and radiographic examinations.

Main Results:

  • Children with sleep problems exhibited a significantly narrower upper pharyngeal airway width.
  • A decreased C3-H hyoid parameter (indicating lower hyoid bone position) was observed in children with sleep issues.
  • Statistical significance was found for both parameters (p=0.035 for airway, p=0.012 for hyoid).

Conclusions:

  • Narrower pharyngeal airway width and lower hyoid bone position are associated with sleep problems in children with Class II malocclusion.
  • These craniofacial parameters may serve as valuable indicators for screening sleep-disordered breathing.
  • Further research can explore the diagnostic utility of these measurements in pediatric sleep assessments.
Abstract

Keywords:
CephalometryHyoid boneMalocclusionPharyngeal airwaySleep disorders

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