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Primary Symptoms of COPD:
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Summary
Chronic pulmonary embolism (CPE) in children is rare but increasingly linked to medical devices. Radiographic findings like cardiomegaly and enlarged pulmonary arteries are key diagnostic clues.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Radiology
- Cardiopulmonary Medicine
- Vascular Medicine
Background:
- Chronic pulmonary embolism (CPE) with pulmonary hypertension in children is infrequently diagnosed, with only 17 cases documented in literature.
- This report details three additional pediatric cases, bringing the total to 20, to highlight diagnostic considerations.
Observation:
- Most cases (17/20) involved emboli secondary to ventriculoatrial shunting or indwelling venous hyperalimentation.
- Two cases were not catheter-related.
Findings:
- Common radiographic features observed in 20 pediatric CPE cases include cardiomegaly (19/20), enlarged central pulmonary arteries with distal tapering (15/20), and oligemia (5/20).
- Other noted features were "infiltrate" (3/20) and effusion (2/20).
Implications:
- Increasing central catheter use in children with chronic conditions may lead to a higher incidence of CPE.
- Radiologists and clinicians must be aware of CPE's clinical and radiographic signs in pediatric patients for timely diagnosis.