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Simultaneous Application of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation during Virtual Reality Exposure

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Published on: January 18, 2021

Optimizing differential diagnostics and identifying transdiagnostic treatment targets using virtual reality.

Hanne Lie Kjærstad¹, Andreas Elleby Jespersen², Johanne Lilmose Bech²

¹Neurocognition and Emotion in Affective Disorders (NEAD) Centre, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.

European Neuropsychopharmacology : the Journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology

|November 29, 2024

Summary

Virtual reality (VR) assessments reveal distinct emotional and physiological markers for bipolar disorder (BD), borderline personality disorder (BPD), and schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). These findings show promise for improving psychiatric differential diagnosis.

Keywords:

Borderline personality disorder, bipolar disorder Differential diagnostics Emotion processing Galvanic skin response Schizophrenia spectrum disorder Virtual reality

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Area of Science:

Psychiatry
Psychophysiology
Virtual Reality Research

Background:

Accurate psychiatric diagnosis is challenging, impacting treatment and outcomes.
Biomarkers are crucial for differentiating between mental health conditions.
Emotional reactivity markers are key to understanding diagnostic differences.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify unique behavioral and psychophysiological markers of emotional reactivity in virtual reality (VR) settings.
To differentiate between bipolar disorder (BD), borderline personality disorder (BPD), schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD), and healthy controls (HC).
To explore the utility of VR in psychiatric diagnostics.

Main Methods:

Participants (BD, BPD, SSD, HC) aged 19-60 were exposed to six social VR scenarios.
Emotional responses were self-rated (1-5 scale).
Galvanic skin response (GSR) was continuously recorded.

Main Results:

Individuals with mental health conditions reported greater unpleasantness across scenarios compared to HC.
BPD and SSD showed heightened unpleasantness and GSR in specific VR scenarios compared to BD.
SSD exhibited distinct emotional and physiological responses in multiple scenarios compared to BD and HC.

Conclusions:

VR-based assessments can identify distinct emotional and physiological markers across psychiatric diagnoses.
These markers show potential for improving differential diagnosis in psychiatry.
VR assessments may help identify transdiagnostic treatment targets.