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Association of ABO blood group with risk of coronary stent thrombosis
Caglayan Demirel1, Kevin Hamzaraj1, Janina Fangl1
1Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Insights
Patients with blood group B or AB have a higher risk of early stent thrombosis after drug-eluting stent implantation. This finding suggests ABO blood groups may influence stent thrombosis risk.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Genetics
- Hematology
Background:
- The ABO blood group system is linked to cardiovascular disease risk, with non-O groups associated with increased coronary artery disease (CAD).
- The association between ABO blood groups and stent thrombosis, particularly early stent thrombosis, remains under-investigated.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of ABO blood groups on the incidence of early stent thrombosis (≤30 days) following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
Main Methods:
- A cohort of 10,714 patients undergoing PCI with drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation was analyzed.
- Early stent thrombosis occurred in 78 patients (0.73%).
- Propensity score matching was used to control for cardiovascular risk factors and predictors of stent thrombosis.
Main Results:
- No significant association was found between non-O blood groups or A-antigen presence and early stent thrombosis.
- Patients with the B-antigen (blood groups B and AB) showed a significantly higher risk of early stent thrombosis compared to blood group O (OR 2.48; p=0.019).
Conclusions:
- Blood group antigen B is a significant risk factor for early stent thrombosis.
- Further research is needed to understand the biological mechanisms linking ABO blood group antigens to stent thrombosis.
Background:
ABO blood group's influence on cardiovascular risk, particularly in venous thromboembolism and coronary artery disease (CAD), is well-studied, with non-O blood groups associated with heightened CAD risk. However, its impact on stent thrombosis remains an unexplored area, prompting the question of whether ABO blood groups are also associated with risk of early stent thrombosis.
Objectives:
The primary objective of this study was to analyze the impact of ABO blood groups on the occurrence of early (≤30 days) stent thrombosis.
Methods:
The study included 10,714 consecutive patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with implantation of drug-eluting stents (DES) at a tertiary care hospital. Among these, 78 patients (0.73 %) experienced early stent thrombosis. Propensity score matching was conducted using cardiovascular risk factors and predictors of stent thrombosis, including age, sex, diabetes, hypertension, smoking, hypercholesterinemia, and clinical presentation.
Results:
The presence of non-0 blood groups (blood groups A, B and AB; OR 1.48; 95 % CI 0.74-2.97; p = 0.27) and of A-antigen (blood groups A, AB; OR 0.93; 95 % CI 0.51-1.84; p = 0.89) was not associated early stent thrombosis, respectively. In contrast, patients with B-antigen (blood groups B, AB) were at higher risk of early stent thrombosis as compared to patients with blood group 0 (OR 2.48; 95 % CI 1.08-5.69; p = 0.019).
Conclusion:
The presence of blood group antigen B (blood groups B and AB) emerged as a significant factor associated with early stent thrombosis. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the specific biological mechanisms through which ABO blood group antigens could influence stent thrombosis.
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