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Oncolytic Vesicular Stomatitis Virus: Optimisation Strategies for Anti-Cancer Therapies

Margarita Zinovieva1, Anastasia Ryapolova1, Alexander Karabelsky1

  • 1Department of Gene Therapy, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia.

Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark Edition)
|November 30, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Oncolytic viruses (OVs), like vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), show promise for cancer treatment. This review explores genetic modifications and delivery methods to enhance VSV

Area of Science:

  • Oncolytic virotherapy
  • Cancer immunotherapy
  • Viral vector engineering

Background:

  • Oncolytic viruses (OVs) selectively target and destroy cancer cells while stimulating an immune response.
  • Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is a promising OV platform due to its favorable characteristics, including low human pathogenicity and a modifiable genome.
  • Challenges remain in VSV production, tumor selectivity, and monotherapy efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review strategies for modifying the VSV genome to enhance its oncolytic properties.
  • To explore methods for improving VSV-based anti-tumor therapy, including delivery and combination treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Review of genetic modifications to VSV, including gene inhibition and insertion of foreign genes.
  • Evaluation of strategies to improve tumor targeting and immune response stimulation.
  • Assessment of various delivery methods and combination therapies with other anti-cancer drugs.

Main Results:

  • Genetic modifications can enhance VSV's oncolytic potential and immune-stimulating capabilities.
  • Altering gene order and incorporating foreign genes are key strategies for improving VSV efficacy.
  • Optimized delivery methods and combination therapies show promise for increased anti-tumor effects.

Conclusions:

  • VSV holds significant potential as an oncolytic virus for cancer therapy.
  • Genome engineering and strategic therapeutic combinations are crucial for overcoming current limitations.
  • Further research into VSV modification and delivery is essential for advancing its clinical application.
Keywords:
anti-cancer therapyimmunotherapyoncolytic virusvesicular stomatitis virus

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