Microplastic pollution: A global perspective in surface waters, microbial degradation, and corresponding mechanism

Area of Science:

• Environmental Science
• Microbiology
• Polymer Science

Background:

• Plastic pollution is a pervasive global issue, with microplastics (<5 mm) accumulating in diverse environmental compartments.
• Microplastics pose risks due to bioaccumulation, toxic chemical content, and pathogen adsorption, impacting organisms adversely.
• The omnipresence of microplastics necessitates a comprehensive understanding of their environmental fate and degradation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide an overview of microplastic pollution research.
• To summarize evidence of microplastic contamination in surface waters.
• To discuss microbial degradation of microplastics, influencing factors, and degradation mechanisms.

Main Methods:

• Literature review and synthesis of recent research findings.
• Classification of microorganisms capable of microplastic degradation (bacteria, fungi, algae).
• Analysis of environmental factors affecting microplastic degradation rates and mechanisms.

Main Results:

• Microplastic pollution is widespread across various environmental niches.
• Microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and algae, show potential for microplastic degradation.
• Environmental factors significantly influence the rate and extent of microplastic biodegradation.

Conclusions:

• Microbial degradation offers a promising avenue for mitigating microplastic pollution.
• Further research into degradation mechanisms and influencing factors is crucial for developing effective solutions.
• This review serves as a reference for future studies aimed at reducing microplastic pollution.