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Cardiometabolic Risk in Pediatric Patients with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

Margaret B Nolan1, Stephen E Asche1, Kayte Barton1

  • 1HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington, Minnesota.

American Journal of Preventive Medicine
|November 30, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric patients with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD) face significantly higher cardiometabolic risks, including obesity and hypertension. Early intervention is crucial to prevent long-term health issues in this vulnerable population.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Health
  • Cardiology
  • Developmental Pediatrics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Adults with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD) exhibit elevated cardiometabolic risk.
  • Limited data exists on cardiometabolic risk factors in pediatric populations with IDD.
  • This study addresses the knowledge gap by examining risk factor prevalence in youth with and without IDD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors in pediatric patients with and without IDD.
  • To compare the odds of having specific cardiometabolic risk factors between these two groups.
  • To identify potential disparities in cardiometabolic health among youth with IDD.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of 33,192 patients aged 6-17 years.
  • IDD status identified using ICD-10 diagnostic codes.
  • Comparison of cardiometabolic risk factor prevalence (obesity, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia) between groups with and without IDD.

Main Results:

  • 3.6% of the cohort had an IDD diagnosis, with autism spectrum disorder being most common.
  • Patients with IDD showed significantly higher odds of obesity (OR=3.8), hypertension (OR=6.4), diabetes (OR=2.67), prediabetes (OR=6.8), and dyslipidemia (OR=3.5).
  • Increased odds of current smoking or passive smoke exposure were also observed in the IDD group (OR=1.4).

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric patients with IDD experience greater cardiometabolic risk compared to their peers without IDD.
  • Significant disparities in obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia exist.
  • Targeted research and interventions are essential for this population to mitigate future adverse cardiometabolic outcomes.
Abstract

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