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Related Concept Videos

Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway02:54

Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway

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The gene encoding the main signaling molecules of the Wnt signaling pathways (the Wnt proteins) was discovered almost four decades ago by Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus. They identified and originally named the gene "wingless" (wg) after a phenotype discovered during their landmark genetic screen in Drosophila for body pattern defects. At around the same time, another researcher named Harold Varmus found that a murine tumor virus activates the mammalian wg homolog, Int-1, which...
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Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways01:41

Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways

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Wnt is a zygotic effect gene that is expressed during very early embryonic development. It regulates various processes in animals starting from early development through the adult stage, such as organogenesis in the embryo and maintenance of neuronal and blood stem cells. Wnt proteins can induce a wide variety of intracellular pathways depending upon the specific abilities of different Wnt ligands to form a complex with shared and cognate receptors in the presence of different co-receptors. The...
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Notch Signaling Pathway03:14

Notch Signaling Pathway

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The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not...
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Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:12

Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

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Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
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Catenins01:23

Catenins

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Catenins are characterized by multiple binding domains and dynamic structures that allow them to function as linker proteins in cell junction complexes. All catenins, except α-catenin, contain a characteristic protein sequence called the armadillo repeat and are therefore also called armadillo proteins.
Catenins in Cell Junctions
Catenins bind to cell adhesion molecules such as cadherins and link them to different cytoskeletal proteins depending on the type of cell junction. At the...
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Cadherins in Tissue Organization01:19

Cadherins in Tissue Organization

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The cadherins are a superfamily of cell adhesion molecules comprising over 180 variants, with specific tissues expressing a particular combination of cadherin types. Cadherins generally exhibit homophilic binding; i.e., cadherins on one cell bind to cadherins of the same or closely related type on another cell. Thus, cells of the same type have a specific affinity to bind to each other and sort themselves into clusters to form tissues.
Cell Sorting During Development
Cell sorting plays an...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2025

Modeling Paracrine Noncanonical Wnt Signaling In Vitro
11:14

Modeling Paracrine Noncanonical Wnt Signaling In Vitro

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WNT9A and WNT9B in Development and Disease.

Amber D Ide1, Stephanie Grainger1

  • 1Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.

Differentiation; Research in Biological Diversity
|November 30, 2024
PubMed
Summary

WNT9A and WNT9B are crucial secreted ligands involved in Wnt signaling pathways, impacting development and disease. Their distinct and shared roles highlight potential therapeutic targets for various conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • WNT9A and WNT9B are secreted ligands that activate canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways.
  • Wnt signaling pathways are fundamental to cell fate determination, embryonic patterning, bone development, and organogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the specific and overlapping roles of WNT9A and WNT9B in biological processes.
  • To explore the implications of WNT9A and WNT9B dysregulation in human diseases and their potential as therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of Wnt9a and Wnt9b mutant animal models.
  • Examination of gene expression patterns and protein functions.
  • Review of human disease data implicating WNT9A and WNT9B.

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The Soft Agar Colony Formation Assay
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2025

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The Soft Agar Colony Formation Assay
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Main Results:

  • WNT9A is critical for hematopoietic stem cell development, bone formation, and chondrogenesis.
  • WNT9B plays a significant role in kidney and heart development.
  • Both WNT9A and WNT9B are essential for craniofacial development and convergent extension movements.

Conclusions:

  • WNT9A and WNT9B exhibit both distinct and overlapping functions in embryonic development.
  • Dysregulated WNT9A and WNT9B expression is linked to various cancers and diseases.
  • WNT9A, WNT9B, and their downstream pathways represent promising therapeutic targets.