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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

1
Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2025

Conjunctival Commensal Isolation and Identification in Mice
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Conjunctival Commensal Isolation and Identification in Mice

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Microbiome-based therapeutics for ocular diseases.

Shannan Berzack1, Anat Galor2

  • 1Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.

Clinical & Experimental Optometry
|December 1, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The gut microbiome influences eye health through the gut-eye axis. Targeting gut dysbiosis may offer new treatments for ocular diseases like dry eye, uveitis, and glaucoma.

Keywords:
Dry eye diseaseglaucomagut microbiomeuveitis

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiome research
  • Ophthalmology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The gut microbiome's role in systemic health is increasingly recognized.
  • The gut-eye axis describes the bidirectional communication between the gut and the eyes.
  • Ocular diseases like dry eye disease, uveitis, and glaucoma may be linked to gut dysbiosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence on the gut-eye axis and its impact on ocular health.
  • To explore how gut microbiome alterations contribute to ocular disease mechanisms.
  • To examine the therapeutic potential of targeting the gut microbiome for eye conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating the gut-eye axis.
  • Analysis of research linking gut dysbiosis to immune dysregulation and inflammation.
  • Synthesis of evidence on microbiome-targeted interventions for ocular diseases.

Main Results:

  • Gut dysbiosis is associated with immune dysregulation, chronic inflammation, and barrier dysfunction, contributing to ocular pathology.
  • Alterations in the gut microbiome can influence the development, progression, and severity of various eye diseases.
  • Microbiome-targeted interventions show promise in restoring microbial balance and modulating immune responses.

Conclusions:

  • The gut-eye axis is a significant factor in ocular health and disease.
  • Understanding this axis opens avenues for novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Microbiome modulation offers potential for managing and treating prevalent ocular conditions.