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Data Acquisition Protocol for Determining Embedded Sensitivity Functions

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Harnessing electromagnetic data for tsunami source estimation: a comprehensive review.

Toshitaka Baba¹, Zhiheng Lin², Takuto Minami³

¹Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences

|December 1, 2024

Summary

Ocean-bottom electromagnetometers (OBEMs) show promise for detecting tsunamis by measuring magnetic field fluctuations. While facing noise challenges, OBEMs offer unique velocity field observations, complementing traditional pressure gauges.

Keywords:

electromagnetic observation motional induction tsunami inversion tsunami observation

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Area of Science:

Geophysics
Oceanography
Electromagnetism

Background:

Ocean-bottom pressure gauges are standard for tsunami monitoring.
Recent studies indicate magnetic field fluctuations during tsunamis.
Ocean-bottom electromagnetometers (OBEMs) emerge as a potential alternative technology.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize findings on tsunami magnetic fields and their use in source estimation.
To evaluate the effectiveness of OBEMs for tsunami observations.
To compare OBEMs with traditional pressure gauges.

Main Methods:

Review and synthesis of recent research on tsunami-induced magnetic fields.
Analysis of OBEM data characteristics in relevant frequency bands.
Comparative assessment of OBEMs and pressure gauges for tsunami detection and characterization.

Main Results:

Electromagnetic observations show potential for detecting small-magnitude tsunamis (centimeter scale).
OBEMs exhibit background noise approximately 10 times higher than pressure gauges in critical tsunami frequencies.
Earth's magnetic field can interfere with tsunami magnetic field detection.

Conclusions:

OBEMs offer a complementary approach to pressure gauges for tsunami monitoring.
A key advantage of OBEMs is their ability to measure tsunami velocity fields.
Further research is needed to overcome noise limitations and optimize OBEMs for tsunami observation.