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Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna

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The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side...
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Spinal Nerves: Plexus I01:22

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Nerve plexuses are networks of interlacing nerves that serve as communication hubs to distribute and organize nerve action across various body regions. The nerve plexuses are organized into the cervical plexus located in the neck region, brachial plexus in the shoulder area, lumbar plexus found in the lower back, sacral plexus situated in the pelvis, and coccygeal plexus located in the coccygeal region.
The Cervical Plexus
The cervical plexus, formed by the anterior rami of the first four...
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Muscles that Move the Forearm01:16

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The muscles that move the forearms can be divided into four groups: forearm flexors, forearm extensors, forearm pronators, and forearm supinators. The flexors and extensors act on the elbow joint, while the pronators and supinators act on the radioulnar joints.
Forearm Flexors
The biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis are forearm flexors. The biceps brachii is made up of two heads. Its long head originates at the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, whereas that of the short head is...
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius01:09

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius

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The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a...
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Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers01:17

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The muscles of the forearm that move the wrist, hand, and digits are numerous and diverse. They can be classified into two groups based on their location and function — the anterior and posterior compartment muscles.
Anterior Compartment
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

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The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2025

Screening of Axonal Degeneration in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Using Ultrasonography and Nerve Conduction Studies
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Screening of Axonal Degeneration in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Using Ultrasonography and Nerve Conduction Studies

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Is the anconeus epitrochlearis muscle a predictor for ulnar nerve compression?

Renaud Debras1, Joris Duerinckx2, Laurens Van Melkebeke1

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium.

Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery
|December 1, 2024
PubMed
Summary

The anconeus epitrochlearis (AE) muscle is a rare anatomical variant with a 5.9% prevalence. It does not appear to cause cubital tunnel syndrome or impact surgical outcomes for ulnar nerve decompression.

Keywords:
Anconeuscompressioncubital tunnel syndromeepitrochlearisprevalenceulnar nerve

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In Vivo Electrophysiological Measurement of the Rat Ulnar Nerve with Axonal Excitability Testing
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In Vivo Electrophysiological Measurement of the Rat Ulnar Nerve with Axonal Excitability Testing
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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Anatomy
  • Neurosurgery

Background:

  • The anconeus epitrochlearis (AE) muscle's role in cubital tunnel syndrome is unclear.
  • Its prevalence and impact on ulnar nerve compression or protection are not well-defined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of the AE in a large cohort using 3D imaging.
  • To investigate the association of AE with preoperative and postoperative features in cubital tunnel surgery patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 1240 elbow MRIs to identify AE presence.
  • Comparison with a matched cohort without AE.
  • Analysis of 344 ulnar nerve surgeries, collecting data on AE, surgical findings, and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Overall AE prevalence was 5.9% in the general population and 5.8% in the surgical cohort.
  • 13 patients with AE underwent myotomy and in situ decompression.
  • No increased reoperation rate was observed in the AE group compared to the non-AE group.

Conclusions:

  • The AE's contribution to ulnar nerve compression or protection is not discernible in the general population.
  • The AE should be considered a rare, nonpathological variant with no surgical implications in routine practice.