[Patch Closure of the Ventricular Septal Defect]

Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is the most common congenital heart disease. The "VSD patch closure" is a very important and basic surgery frequently used for not only simple VSD but also many complex congenital heart defects such as tetralogy of Fallot and complete atrioventricular septal defect. To perform a complete VSD closure without any complications such as atrio-ventricular block, residual VSD, tricuspid valve regurgitation, and right ventricular outflow obstruction, the surgeons must understand the anatomical features of the various type of VSD and perform gentle stitch and ligation.