Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 6, 2025
Using Alizarin Red Staining to Detect Chemically Induced Bone Loss in Zebrafish Larvae
Published on: December 28, 2021
Disperse Red 1 azo dye: Consequences of low-dose/low-concentration exposures in mice and zebrafish
Fábio Henrique Fernandes1, Flávia Renata Abe2, Tamara Barbosa Gomes3
1UNESP - São Paulo State University, Medical School, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Institute of Chemistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
Abstract:
Color Index Disperse Red 1 (DR1), an azo dye widely used in the textile industry and released into aquatic environments, is genotoxic in somatic cells, but little is known concerning its effects on the reproductive system or the early stages of embryonic development. We have assessed the effects on the spermatozoa of male mice following oral exposure to the dye, at low doses, for 14 days. Measured endpoints were DNA damage (comet assay), miRNA-34c levels, and sperm number, morphology, and motility. Exposure caused decreased miRNA-34c levels. We have also examined dye effects on zebrafish embryos and larvae, which included developmental impairment, altered glutathione transferase activity, and effects on reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation levels.
