Investigating the Efficacy of Regenerative Therapy With Autogenous Platelet-Rich Plasma in Vertical Bone Defects

Context and objective The main goal of periodontal therapy is to remove periodontopathogenic microorganisms and regenerate destructured periodontal tissues. Advances in biomaterials have improved the results of regenerative procedures. However, there is limited data available to determine the best material for vertical bone deformities treated with regenerative treatment. Studies on autogenous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) have been conducted, but it is often combined with other biomaterials. The objective of this study is to examine the exact efficacy of solely administering autogenous PRP in regenerative therapy of vertical bone defects. Materials and methods The study was conducted from August 2022 to July 2023 at the Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University Varna, BGR, using the University Medical and Dental Center as its base. It includes 12 cases with bipartite, tripartite, or a combination of the listed vertical bone defects. Participating patients met the following criteria: signed informed consent; age between 18 and 65 years; individuals in good health without diagnosed systemic disease, and adequate dental care. The clinical parameters investigated and recorded immediately before regenerative therapy with autogenous PRP and six months after the surgical intervention were probing depth, margo gingivalis level, clinical attachment level, and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)-indicators A (the distance from the cemento-enamel junction to the bottom of the bone defect), B (the distance from the cemento-enamel junction to the apex of the bone defect), and C (the width of the defect). The results obtained from the measurements immediately before the regenerative therapy with PRP and six months after the surgical intervention were compared and analyzed.  Results and conclusions The clinical outcomes for vertical bone defects at the six-month mark following the PRP therapy showed an average 3.83 mm reduction in probing depth, an average 0.08 mm coronal migration of the gingival margin, and an average 3.92 mm gain of the clinical level of attachment. The CBCT showed bone filling, which is supported by the average decrease for points A, B, and C of 1.69 mm, 0.51 mm, and 0.36 mm, respectively. The study's findings primarily illustrate the strong potential of autogenous PRP as an independently applicable substance for regeneration therapy in periodontology.