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Exploring the Impact of Niacin Intake on Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Comprehensive Analysis Using NHANES Data

Lishi Shao1, Aihua Zhi1, Manning Li2

  • 1Department of Radiology, Fuwai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, 650102 Kunming, Yunnan, China.

Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine
|December 2, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Higher niacin intake is linked to reduced cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. This benefit was observed in the overall population and specifically in females, but not in males.

Keywords:
CVDall-causefemalemortalityniacinprevalence

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Science
  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • The association between niacin consumption and cardiovascular outcomes is not well-established.
  • Understanding niacin's impact on cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality is crucial for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the correlation between dietary niacin intake and CVD incidence.
  • To examine the relationship between niacin consumption and all-cause and CVD-specific mortality.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from 80,312 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003-2018).
  • Participants categorized into quartiles based on niacin intake.
  • Weighted Cox regression and logistic regression models used to assess associations with mortality and prevalence.

Main Results:

  • Higher niacin intake (Q4 vs. Q1) was associated with reduced all-cause mortality (HR: 0.82) and CVD mortality (OR: 0.80) in the overall population.
  • A significant reduction in all-cause mortality was observed in females with higher niacin intake (HR: 0.78), but not in males.
  • Niacin intake showed a negative association with female CVD mortality in higher intake groups (Q3, Q4).

Conclusions:

  • Increased niacin consumption is associated with lower risks of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality.
  • The cardioprotective effects of niacin appear to be sex-specific, benefiting females more than males.
  • Further research may elucidate the mechanisms behind niacin's differential impact on cardiovascular health in males and females.