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Effect of Salt Substitution on Cardiac Structure and ECG Parameters in Middle-aged and Elderly Hypertensive Patients

Li Che1, Ying Zhang2, Xia Chen3

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, 116033 Dalian, Liaoning, China.

Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine
|December 2, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Salt substitution (SS) significantly improves cardiac structure and electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters in hypertensive patients. This intervention reduces left atrial diameter (LAD) and left ventricular mass (LVM), offering potential cardiac risk management benefits.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Hypertension Management
  • Cardiovascular Research

Background:

  • Salt substitution (SS) is known to reduce blood pressure (BP).
  • The effects of SS on cardiac structure and ECG parameters are not well understood.
  • Hypertension poses significant cardiovascular risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of salt substitution on cardiac structure using ultrasonic cardiogram (UCG).
  • To assess the effects of salt substitution on electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters.
  • To investigate the role of SS in managing cardiac risks in hypertensive individuals.

Main Methods:

  • A 12-month, multi-center, randomized, double-blind study.
  • Involved 352 hypertensive patients aged 50-70 years.
  • Compared normal salt (NS) with salt substitution (SS) groups, measuring BP, UCG, and ECG parameters.

Main Results:

  • Salt substitution significantly reduced systolic and diastolic BP compared to normal salt.
  • SS led to significant reductions in left atrial diameter (LAD) and left ventricular mass (LVM).
  • Improvements were observed in UCG parameters, including QT dispersion (QTd), Tp-e, and Tp-e/QT.

Conclusions:

  • Salt substitution effectively improves cardiac structure (LAD, LVM) in hypertensive patients.
  • SS positively impacts key ECG parameters (QTd, Tp-e, Tp-e/QT).
  • SS represents a promising intervention for mitigating cardiac risks associated with hypertension.
Abstract

Keywords:
blood pressurecardiacpotassiumsalt substitutionsodium

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