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Related Concept Videos

Enzymes02:34

Enzymes

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Inside living organisms, enzymes act as catalysts for many biochemical reactions involved in cellular metabolism. The role of enzymes is to reduce the activation energies of biochemical reactions by forming complexes with its substrates. The lowering of activation energies favor an increase in the rates of biochemical reactions.
Enzyme deficiencies can often translate into life-threatening diseases. For example, a genetic abnormality resulting in the deficiency of the enzyme G6PD...
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Introduction to Mechanisms of Enzyme Catalysis01:13

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For many years, scientists thought that enzyme-substrate binding took place in a simple "lock-and-key" fashion. This model stated that the enzyme and substrate fit together perfectly in one instantaneous step. However, current research supports a more refined view scientists call induced fit. The induced-fit model expands upon the lock-and-key model by describing a more dynamic interaction between enzyme and substrate. As the enzyme and substrate come together, their interaction causes...
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Induced-fit Model01:13

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Most chemical reactions in cells require enzymes—biological catalysts that speed up the reaction without being consumed or permanently changed. They reduce the activation energy needed to convert the reactants into products. Enzymes are proteins, that usually work by binding to a substrate—a reactant molecule that they act upon.
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Restriction Enzymes01:11

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Restriction enzymes are bacterial enzymes used to cut DNA in a sequence-specific manner. To cleave DNA, they bind to specific palindromic sequences called restriction sites. Such palindromic DNA sequences or inverted repeats are commonly found in regions of functional significance, such as the origin of replication, gene operator sites, and regions containing transcription termination signals.
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Introduction to Enzymes01:22

Introduction to Enzymes

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The use of enzymes by humans dates to 7000 BCE. Humans first used enzymes to ferment sugars and produce alcohol without knowing that this was an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Wilhelm Kuhne coined the term 'enzyme' in 1877 from the Greek words ‘en’ meaning ‘in’ or ‘within’ and ‘zyme’ meaning ‘yeast.’
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Enzyme Inhibition01:30

Enzyme Inhibition

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Inhibitors are molecules that reduce enzyme activity by binding to the enzyme. In a normally functioning cell, enzymes are regulated by a variety of inhibitors. Drugs and other toxins can also inhibit enzymes. Some inhibitors bind to the enzyme’s active site, while others inhibit enzymatic activity by binding to other sites on the protein structure.
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Hydrophobic Salt-modified Nafion for Enzyme Immobilization and Stabilization
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Reduction-responsive immobilised and protected enzymes.

Congyu Wu1, Seyed Amirabbas Nazemi1, Natascha Santacroce1

  • 1School of Life Science, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland Hofackerstrasse 30, Muttenz CH-4132 Switzerland patrick.shahgaldian@fhnw.ch laura.suterdick@fhnw.ch.

Nanoscale Advances
|December 2, 2024
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Summary

Researchers developed novel nanobiocatalysts with shielded enzymes that activate under reducing conditions. This strategy enhances enzyme activity and prevents leaching, offering improved biocatalysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Materials Science
  • Enzyme Engineering

Background:

  • Enzyme immobilization is crucial for biocatalysis, but often leads to reduced activity or leaching.
  • Developing controlled release mechanisms for enzymes remains a challenge in nanobiotechnology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create nano-immobilized and organosilica-shielded enzymes with chemically enhanced activity under reductive conditions.
  • To design a system where enzyme activity is triggered by specific chemical stimuli.

Main Methods:

  • Enzyme immobilization onto silica nanoparticles using a reduction-responsive crosslinker.
  • Shielding of immobilized enzymes within an organosilica layer of controlled thickness.
  • Investigating the effect of reductive conditions on enzyme activation and stability.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of nano-immobilized and organosilica-shielded enzymes.
  • Demonstrated chemically enhanced biocatalytic activity under reductive conditions.
  • Organosilica shield effectively prevented enzyme leaching and preserved enzyme integrity.

Conclusions:

  • The developed strategy enables the creation of advanced nanobiocatalysts with tunable activity.
  • Reduction-responsive enzyme activation offers a novel approach for controlled biocatalysis.
  • This method holds promise for applications requiring stable and activatable enzyme systems.