Impact of fraud in Europe: Causes and effects

This research aims to explore the impact of fraud on society, in general, and in the European Union, in particular. Methodologically, this research is divided into two analyses. Firstly, a theoretical analysis based on a systematic literature review of fraud and its impact on society and the economy. Subsequently, an empirical analysis using a structural equation model to estimate its causes and effects, with a sample of key performance indicators (KPI) from 27 European Union countries between 2012 and 2020. The results present relevant KPI that are identified as causing fraud and provide sustainable evidence about their effects, which impact on the society. This research contributes, on the one hand, to identifying the causes of fraud so they must be avoided through measures and contribute to a paradigm shift. On the other hand, the literature review provides evidence of causes and effects of fraud, through several reasons why fraud is committed, identifying the effects that arise from fraud and the impact it causes on society, the economy, and the well-being of the citizen. These findings guide managers and researchers in approaching measures and public policies to mitigate fraud and improve citizen safety and well-being.