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Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions
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Plastic Behaviour Buffers Climate Variability in the Wandering Albatross.

Natasha Gillies1, Jack Thorley1,2, Henri Weimerskirch3

  • 1School of Environmental Sciences University of Liverpool Liverpool UK.

Ecology and Evolution
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Wandering albatrosses adjust foraging behavior to cope with climate shifts, with females altering prey capture and movement during positive Southern Annular Mode (SAM) phases. This behavioral plasticity helps maintain breeding success despite climate variation.

Keywords:
climateforagingseabirdssouthern annular modesouthern oscillation indexwandering albatross

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Ecology
  • Climate Change Biology
  • Animal Behaviour

Background:

  • Climate change significantly impacts global weather and oceanic systems, affecting animal behavior and fitness.
  • Detailed understanding of species-specific responses to climatic variation remains limited.
  • Wandering albatrosses (Diomedea exulans) are a key species for studying these impacts due to their wide foraging ranges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the consequences of climatic variation, specifically the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) and Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), on wandering albatross behavior and fitness.
  • To explore sex-specific responses to climatic indices and their impact on foraging strategies.
  • To assess the role of individual variation versus behavioral plasticity in mitigating climate change effects.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an 11-year tracking dataset encompassing over 300 individual wandering albatrosses.
  • Analyzed behavioral data in relation to variations in the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) and Southern Oscillation Index (SOI).
  • Examined foraging trip characteristics, prey capture attempts, and movement patterns in relation to climatic phases.

Main Results:

  • Females exhibited reduced foraging success behaviors (more movement, fewer prey attempts) during positive SAM phases, linked to poorer foraging conditions in their ranges.
  • Males showed no significant behavioral changes during positive SAM phases.
  • During positive SOI phases (good foraging for both sexes), both males and females displayed more efficient foraging (shorter trips, fewer attempts, more search behavior), indicating increased food intake per unit time.

Conclusions:

  • Wandering albatrosses demonstrate distinct, sex-specific behavioral plasticity in response to climatic variation, aligning with sex-specific foraging ranges.
  • Behavioral plasticity in foraging appears to be a crucial mechanism for mitigating climate impacts, as evidenced by the lack of effect on individual breeding success.
  • Inter-individual variation, including personality differences, played a limited role, suggesting that plastic responses are more significant in maintaining reproductive output under changing climate conditions.