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Phased array ultrasound imaging through planar tissue layers.

S W Smith, G E Trahey, O T von Ramm

    Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology
    |March 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Ultrasound refraction from skull bone significantly degrades brain imaging quality. A novel phased array correction technique effectively restores image resolution and geometric accuracy, even with variable skull thickness.

    Area of Science:

    • Medical Imaging
    • Acoustics
    • Biomedical Engineering

    Background:

    • Conventional ultrasound assumes homogeneous tissue (1540 m/sec acoustic velocity).
    • Biological tissues exhibit diverse acoustic velocities (e.g., fat 1470 m/sec, bone 3200 m/sec).
    • Tissue heterogeneity causes refraction, degrading ultrasound image quality.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze refraction effects from planar tissue layers in pulse-echo ultrasound.
    • To develop and evaluate an on-line phased array correction technique for ultrasound imaging.
    • To assess the impact of refraction on imaging through fat/organ and skull/brain interfaces.

    Main Methods:

    • Modeling pulse-echo ultrasound through planar tissue layers (fat/organ, skull/brain).
    • Analyzing refraction using Snell's law and phantom measurements.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Implementing and testing an on-line phased array correction technique.

    • Main Results:

    • Fat/organ interfaces showed minimal image quality degradation.
    • Skull/brain interfaces caused significant resolution loss, target acquisition issues, and geometric distortion.
    • The phased array correction technique improved phantom and adult cephalic ultrasound image quality.

    Conclusions:

    • Skull bone refraction severely impacts neuroimaging quality.
    • The developed phased array correction effectively mitigates refraction artifacts.
    • This technique offers robust image restoration for transcranial ultrasound applications.