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Diabetes Mellitus: Exploring Biomarkers, Complications, and Therapeutic Strategies with a Spotlight on Cyanobacterial

Suhail Ahmad1, Salman Akhtar1,2, Mohammad Amjad Kamal2,3,4,5,6

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226026, India.

Current Diabetes Reviews
|December 2, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Diabetes mellitus causes severe complications. Natural antidiabetic drugs from cyanobacteria offer promising alternatives to synthetic medications, with compounds showing effectiveness in clinical trials.

Area of Science:

  • Metabolic disorders
  • Pharmacology
  • Natural product chemistry

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent metabolic disorder with multifactorial origins, leading to severe complications like kidney failure, blindness, and cardiovascular diseases.
  • Current synthetic antidiabetic medications have undesirable side effects, driving research towards natural alternatives.
  • Cyanobacteria are a rich source of bioactive metabolites with significant pharmaceutical and nutraceutical potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive understanding of diabetes mellitus, including its clinical manifestations, epidemiology, and complications.
  • To review current treatment modalities for diabetes mellitus.
  • To highlight the potential of natural antidiabetic compounds, particularly from cyanobacteria, as therapeutic agents.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific articles and clinical trial data.
  • Analysis of biomarkers associated with diabetes progression (DPP-4, PPAR-ϒ, SGLT-2, α-amylase, α-glucosidase).
  • Exploration of bioactive compounds from cyanobacteria for antidiabetic properties.

Main Results:

  • Identified key biomarkers linked to diabetes onset and progression.
  • Highlighted the adverse effects of existing synthetic antidiabetic drugs.
  • Demonstrated the potential of cyanobacterial compounds, with some showing success in clinical trials.

Conclusions:

  • Diabetes mellitus presents a significant global health challenge with diverse complications.
  • Natural antidiabetic drugs derived from sources like cyanobacteria offer a promising avenue for safer and effective treatment.
  • Further research into cyanobacterial compounds could lead to novel drug discovery for diabetes management.
Keywords:
DPP-4Diabetes mellitusPPAR-ySGLT-2antioxidantsbioactive compounds.biomarkerscyanobacterial strainstype 2 diabetes mellitusα-amylaseα-glucosidase

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