Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

296
A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
296
Raman Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

307
The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and...
307
IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

1.9K
When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...
1.9K
IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration01:16

IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration

1.2K
A covalently bonded heteronuclear diatomic molecule can be modeled as two vibrating masses connected by a spring. The vibrational frequency of the bond can be expressed using an equation derived from Hooke's law, which describes how the force applied to stretch or compress a spring is proportional to the displacement of the spring. In this case, the atoms behave like masses, and the bond acts like a spring.
According to Hooke's law, the vibrational frequency is directly proportional to...
1.2K
IR Absorption Frequency: Hybridization01:21

IR Absorption Frequency: Hybridization

633
Hydrocarbons such as alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes show characteristic C–H stretching absorption bands. These IR stretching frequencies depend on the hybridization of the involved carbon atom and can be explained in terms of the s character of each hybridized atomic orbital.
Among the sp, sp2, and sp3 hybridized orbitals, sp orbitals have the maximum s character (50%). Consequently, the electrons are held more closely to the nucleus, resulting in stronger and shorter C–H bonds that...
633
Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview01:11

Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview

487
The non-destructive nature and ability to provide valuable chemical information make IR spectroscopy a versatile technique with broad applications in various scientific and industrial fields. IR spectroscopy is commonly used to identify and characterize organic and inorganic compounds. It provides information about the functional groups present in a molecule and the bonding between atoms. This helps in the structural elucidation of compounds during organic synthesis, pharmaceutical research,...
487

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Measurement of a Preresonant Hyper-Raman Hyperpolarizability.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2026
Same author

Mixed Domain IR-Hyper-Raman Four Wave Mixing Spectroscopy.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2025
Same author

Calibration of optical parametric amplifiers for frequency-domain ultrafast coherent multidimensional spectroscopic studies.

The Review of scientific instruments·2025
Same author

Algorithmic approaches to automate OPA tuning for frequency domain spectroscopy.

The Journal of chemical physics·2025
Same author

Multifunctional Polar 2D Lead Iodide Perovskites Exhibiting Persistent Spin Texture.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2025
Same author

Screw-Dislocation-Driven Growth of 2D Perovskite Spiral Microplates.

Nano letters·2025
Same journal

Quantum simulation of alignment dependent differential cross sections in co-propagating molecular beams at cold collision energies.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026
Same journal

Non-additive ion effects on the coil-globule equilibrium of a generic polymer in aqueous salt solutions.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026
Same journal

Insights into the unexpected small reduction of the temperature of maximum density of water by lithium chloride addition.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026
Same journal

Optical frequency comb double-resonance spectroscopy of the 9030-9175 cm-1 states of ethylene.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026
Same journal

Time reversal breaking of colloidal particles in cells.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026
Same journal

Photodynamics of amino acids under UV excitation: Extraterrestrial amino acids.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2025

Ultrafast Time-resolved Near-IR Stimulated Raman Measurements of Functional π-conjugate Systems
09:57

Ultrafast Time-resolved Near-IR Stimulated Raman Measurements of Functional π-conjugate Systems

Published on: February 10, 2020

7.1K

Coherent IR-hyper-Raman four wave mixing spectroscopy.

Ryan P McDonnell1, Daniel D Kohler1, John C Wright1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|December 2, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hyper difference frequency generation (HDFG) spectroscopy, a four-wave mixing technique, offers new insights into electron-vibration coupling. This method is comparable to vibrational sum frequency generation (vSFG) spectroscopy and is feasible for practitioners.

More Related Videos

Multiplex Chemical Imaging Based on Broadband Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy
09:57

Multiplex Chemical Imaging Based on Broadband Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy

Published on: July 25, 2022

3.9K
Differential Imaging of Biological Structures with Doubly-resonant Coherent Anti-stokes Raman Scattering CARS
12:56

Differential Imaging of Biological Structures with Doubly-resonant Coherent Anti-stokes Raman Scattering CARS

Published on: October 17, 2010

13.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2025

Ultrafast Time-resolved Near-IR Stimulated Raman Measurements of Functional π-conjugate Systems
09:57

Ultrafast Time-resolved Near-IR Stimulated Raman Measurements of Functional π-conjugate Systems

Published on: February 10, 2020

7.1K
Multiplex Chemical Imaging Based on Broadband Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy
09:57

Multiplex Chemical Imaging Based on Broadband Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy

Published on: July 25, 2022

3.9K
Differential Imaging of Biological Structures with Doubly-resonant Coherent Anti-stokes Raman Scattering CARS
12:56

Differential Imaging of Biological Structures with Doubly-resonant Coherent Anti-stokes Raman Scattering CARS

Published on: October 17, 2010

13.6K

Area of Science:

  • Nonlinear spectroscopy
  • Molecular spectroscopy
  • Vibrational spectroscopy

Background:

  • Nonlinear, four-wave mixing vibrational spectroscopies commonly probe electron-vibration coupling.
  • Methods often rely on infrared or Raman transitions, with hyper-Raman transitions also possible.
  • Hyper difference frequency generation (HDFG) spectroscopy is an underdeveloped technique based on infrared absorption and hyper-Raman scattering.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the selection rules and behavior of HDFG spectroscopy.
  • Explore HDFG as an upconverted infrared spectroscopy.
  • Examine HDFG as a probe of vibronic coupling in molecular systems.

Main Methods:

  • Four-wave mixing vibrational spectroscopy
  • Hyper difference frequency generation (HDFG) spectroscopy
  • Comparison with vibrational sum frequency generation (vSFG) spectroscopy

Main Results:

  • HDFG exhibits similar output intensities to vSFG, suggesting feasibility for vSFG practitioners.
  • HDFG is a sensitive probe of vibronic coupling in bulk systems.
  • HDFG provides an alternative method for investigating electronic-nuclear coordinate correlations.

Conclusions:

  • HDFG spectroscopy has significant potential for probing vibronic coupling.
  • HDFG offers an alternative to existing methods for studying electronic-nuclear interactions.
  • The similarities with vSFG make HDFG accessible to a broader range of researchers.