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This study found that directional microphone processing (Beam) in hearing aids improves speech recognition, especially in noisy environments. While working memory influences how much individuals benefit from reduced signal distortion, it did not change the effectiveness of different wide dynamic range compression (WDRC) settings.

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Area of Science:

  • Audiology and Hearing Science
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Speech Processing

Background:

  • Previous research linked working memory to speech recognition with varying wide dynamic range compression (WDRC) time-constants (Fast vs. Slow) in omnidirectional hearing aid settings.
  • Most hearing aids utilize directional processing, which may interact with WDRC and improve listening in spatially separated conditions.
  • The current understanding of working memory's role in speech recognition with directional processing and different WDRC settings is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between working memory ability and speech recognition in noise using different WDRC time-constants (Fast vs. Slow).
  • To examine the impact of microphone directionality (binaural beamformer vs. omnidirectional) on this association in a spatially separated condition (speech at 0°, noise at 180°).
  • To compare these findings with previous research on WDRC and working memory in colocated conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-one participants with hearing loss completed speech recognition tests with sentences and babble noise under four hearing aid conditions (Beam/Omni, Fast/Slow WDRC) at varying signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs).
  • Working memory capacity was assessed using the reading span test.
  • Signal distortion was quantified, and its interaction with working memory and speech recognition was analyzed, particularly in the spatially separated condition.

Main Results:

  • Signal distortion was higher with Fast WDRC compared to Slow WDRC, irrespective of microphone mode or spatial setup.
  • Binaural beamformer (Beam) processing reduced distortion and improved speech recognition over omnidirectional (Omni) processing, especially at lower SNRs.
  • Contrary to the hypothesis, working memory did not modulate the speech recognition differences between WDRC time-constants in either Beam or Omni modes (spatially separated). However, better working memory correlated with greater speech recognition improvement when signal distortion was lower.

Conclusions:

  • Binaural beamformers offer significant benefits for speech recognition, particularly in challenging listening situations with noise from behind.
  • Individuals with higher working memory capacity are more likely to benefit from reduced signal distortion introduced by hearing aid processing.
  • No clear advantage or disadvantage of Fast versus Slow WDRC was observed concerning speech recognition, regardless of working memory ability.