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Non-LTR Retrotransposons

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2025

Detection of Retrotransposition Activity of Hot LINE-1s by Long-Distance Inverse PCR

Detection of Retrotransposition Activity of Hot LINE-1s by Long-Distance Inverse PCR

Published on: July 27, 2019

Noninvasive Multicancer Detection Using DNA Hypomethylation of LINE-1 Retrotransposons.

Marc Michel^1,2,3,4, Maryam Heidary⁴, Anissa Mechri^1,5

¹Inserm U934, CNRS UMR3215, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France.

Clinical Cancer Research : an Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research

|December 2, 2024

Summary

A new method detects cancer DNA in blood by analyzing methylation patterns of long interspersed nuclear element-1 retrotransposons. This noninvasive approach shows high accuracy for detecting multiple cancer types, including early stages.

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Last Updated: Jun 6, 2025

Detection of Retrotransposition Activity of Hot LINE-1s by Long-Distance Inverse PCR

Detection of Retrotransposition Activity of Hot LINE-1s by Long-Distance Inverse PCR

Published on: July 27, 2019

LINE-1 Methylation Analysis in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Treated with Osteosarcoma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles

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Genome-Wide Analysis of DNA Methylation in Gastrointestinal Cancer

Genome-Wide Analysis of DNA Methylation in Gastrointestinal Cancer

Published on: September 18, 2020

Area of Science:

Oncology
Molecular Biology
Genomics

Background:

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) enables noninvasive cancer profiling and monitoring.
Detecting low levels of ctDNA, especially during reduced tumor burden, remains a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a highly sensitive strategy for detecting methylation patterns in plasma DNA.
To evaluate hypomethylation of long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1) retrotransposons as a multicancer biomarker.

Main Methods:

Implemented a novel method targeting 30-40,000 LINE-1 retrotransposons across ~100,000 CpG sites.
Utilized a reference-free analysis pipeline and machine learning classifiers.
Assessed copy number alterations for enhanced cancer detection.

Main Results:

Achieved high classification rates distinguishing healthy and tumor plasmas across six cancer types (colorectal, breast, lung, ovarian, gastric, uveal melanoma).
Demonstrated effectiveness in two independent cohorts with AUC values ranging from 88% to 100% (N = 747).
Included detection of localized cancer stages.

Conclusions:

The developed method shows potential for efficient, noninvasive diagnostic tests for cancer patients.
The universality of LINE-1 hypomethylation suggests broad applicability across various cancer types.
This approach could significantly advance individualized cancer management.