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Submentalizing: Clarifying how domain general processes explain spontaneous perspective-taking.

Mark R Gardner1, Lisa Thorn1

  • 1Westminster Centre for Psychological Sciences, University of Westminster.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spontaneous perspective-taking may not reflect implicit mentalizing but rather attention and executive functions. This study clarifies cognitive processes in perspective-taking tasks, suggesting a revised submentalizing account.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Social Cognition

Background:

  • Spontaneous perspective-taking is often cited as evidence for implicit mentalizing.
  • An alternative submentalizing account suggests these effects are due to attention orienting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify the cognitive processes underlying spontaneous perspective-taking.
  • To differentiate between implicit mentalizing and attention-based accounts.

Main Methods:

  • Four experiments used a modified dot perspective task to control for attention orienting.
  • Stimulus presentation order was altered to minimize attention-based confounds.

Main Results:

  • Response time effects attributed to spontaneous perspective-taking and attention orienting were attenuated.
  • Error rates showed robust spontaneous perspective-taking effects, dependent on competing task sets.
  • Attention orienting explained response time effects, while executive functions were crucial for perspective selection.

Conclusions:

  • Findings support a revised submentalizing account, integrating attention orienting and executive functions.
  • Implicit mentalizing may not be necessary to explain spontaneous perspective-taking.
  • Executive functions play a critical role in selecting between self and other perspectives.